The following are current resources, across a variety of formats, that address loss of control inflight (LOC-I). While this list intends to be comprehensive and informative, it may not be all-inclusive. The published resources are sorted by date with the most recent items listed first, and will be updated as new resources become available.
Organizations
In addition to resources developed by NBAA’s Safety Committee, you can find upset prevention and recovery training (UPRT) from Safety Committee-reviewed providers on the LOC-I Training page. Additional UPRT and LOC-I material can
be found from the following organizations:
Upset Prevention & Recovery Training Association (UPRTA)
The Upset Prevention & Recovery Training Association is a non-profit organization supporting the role of UPRT services in reducing the threat of LOC-I accidents and improving overall airmanship.
International Aerobatic Club (IAC)
The IAC has an extensive listing for aerobatic flight schools, some of which may
also offer UPRT.
Regulatory Resources
FAA AC 120-109A Stall Prevention and Recovery Training
This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for training, testing and checking pilots to ensure correct responses to impending and full stalls. Although this AC is directed to part 121 air carriers, the FAA encourages all air carriers, airplane operators, pilot schools and training centers to use this guidance for stall prevention training, testing and checking. This guidance was created for operators of transport category airplanes; however, many of the principles apply to all airplanes.
FAA AC 120-111 Upset Prevention and Recovery Training
This AC describes the recommended training for airplane UPRT. The goal of this AC is to provide
recommended practices and guidance for academic and flight simulation training device (FSTD) training for pilots to prevent developing upset conditions and ensure correct recovery responses to upsets.
FAA AC 120-123 – Flightpath Management
This AC provides guidance and recommended practices to operators under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts 121 and 135, as well as part 142 training centers, in developing operational policies, procedures and training to support effective flightpath management (FPM). FPM is the planning, execution and assurance of the guidance and control of aircraft trajectory and energy, in flight or on the ground. FPM provides a unifying framework for
operations and training to meet the regulatory requirements in part 121 and its appendices and part 135.
FAA AC 61-67C – Stall and Spin Awareness Training
This AC explains the stall and spin awareness training required under 14 CFR part 61 and offers guidance to flight instructors who provide that training.
AC 61-138A – Airline Transport Pilot Certification Training Program
This AC provides information and courseware guidelines to authorized providers to aid in the development of a training program which meets the requirements of 14 CFR part 61, § 61.156.
Certificate Holders Authorized to Conduct the Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certification Training Program (CTP)
The listed certificate holders are authorized to conduct the ATP CTP, required by 14 CFR Part 61, §61.156 for all applicants seeking an ATP certificate in the airplane category with a multiengine class rating.
FAA Fact Sheet on Angle of Attack Awareness
The General Aviation Joint Steering Committee’s (GAJSC) loss of control workgroup believes that a lack of awareness, with respect to angle of attack (AOA), has resulted in the loss of aircraft control and contributed to fatal general avaition accidents. The GAJSC also maintains that increasing a pilot’s awareness of the aerodynamic effects of AOA and available technology will reduce the likelihood of inadvertent loss of control.
FAA Fact Sheet on Spatial Disorientation
NTSB accident data suggests that spatial disorientation may be a precursor to many general aviation accidents — particularly in night or limited visibility weather conditions. Instrument and VFR pilots are subject to spatial disorientation and optical illusions that may cause loss of aircraft control.
FAA Fact Sheet on Startle Response
Fatal general aviation accidents often result from inappropriate responses to unexpected events. Humans are subject to a “startle response” when they are faced with unexpected emergency situations and may delay action or initiate inappropriate action in response to the emergency. Training and preparation can reduce startle response time and promote more effective and timely responses to emergencies.
FAA Fact Sheet on Stall, Spin and Upset Recovery Training
Through its research on general aviation accident data, the GAJSC suggests that proficiency training and education in aircraft stalls, spins and upsets, including unusual attitudes, can help reduce the incidence of LOC-I and associated accidents. The information provided here will help pilots understand and recognize what an aircraft upset is and explore ways to mitigate, recover and be more proficient in these situations.
Transport Canada – Advisory Circular No. 700-031
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to operators, pilots, flight crews and Transport Canada personnel for the prevention and recovery from stall events. This AC provides best practices and guidance for training, testing and checking within existing regulations, to ensure correct and consistent responses to unexpected stall warnings and stick pusher activations. This AC emphasizes reducing the AOA as the most important response to a stall event. This AC also provides guidance for operators and training providers on the development of stall and stick pusher event training.
Organizational Resources
ICAO – Airplane Upset Prevention and Recovery Training Aid (AUPRTA) – Rev 3
Based upon ICAO document 10011, Airbus, ATR, Boeing, Bombardier, Embraer and ICAO have created Revision 03 of the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid to emphasize the importance of prevention. This revision is expanded to include transport category straight wing propeller airplanes and regional jet airplanes.
ICAO Doc 10011 Manual on Aeroplane Upset Prevention and Recovery Training
The focus of the material presented in this manual is to better prepare flight crew members to recognize and avoid situations that are conducive to encountering an in-flight upset; in other words, focusing on prevention. Notwithstanding, any risk mitigation effort would be incomplete without including recovery training.
IATA Guidance and Best Practices for the Implementation of UPRT
This document serves as guidance material for operators to develop an UPRT program as part of their recurrent training. It can also be considered when including UPRT into other programs, such as conversion, upgrading and type rating training. The document specifically focuses on practical guidance for UPRT instructor training. It also includes recommendations for operators cooperating with ATOs providinglicensing training for their ab-initio cadets.
Addressing Aeroplane Upset Prevention and Recovery Training
To maximize the UPRT learning experience, this paper provides guidance on three core issues related to the on-aeroplane training track: on-aeroplane training considerations, airplane/equipment considerations and instructor considerations.
Boeing Report – Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents
Boeing’s statistical summary shows that LOC-I accidents constitute the largest source of all fatalities over the ten years 2012 through 2021. This remains the highest percentage contribution, while other causal factors are reducing.
SAFE – Guidelines for Pilots Seeking All-Attitude Training
This document provides general guidance for those seeking spin, emergency maneuver, upset recovery, loss of control and aerobatic training programs.
NTSB Safety Alert: Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
This three-page bulletin summarizes what pilots can do to mitigate low altitude stalls. It includes a number of additional resources.
Public Domain Military Publications
Out of Control Flight – T-6A/B Manual
This publication is issued for information, standardization of instruction and guidance for all flight instructors within the Naval Air Training command. It is used as an explanatory aid to the T6A/B Instructor Under Training (IUT) curriculums and is the authority for the execution of all flight procedures and maneuvers it contains.
International Business Aviation Council Ltd.